Again me ;)
Normally the "permissions" were stored somewhere in a file, that i cen see and change with notepad..
But i didnt found any file, so how is the information stored (for ranks , membergroups etc) and how i can see/change them except the console?

...DX

And how i can "open" this "h2" database, because there is no "yml"-File anymore only a db-file..
With normal "notepad"-variants its only mixed chars...
Or, when only "command"..
What commands can show, what roups there are and whyt permissions they have?

Plugins folder → PermissionsEx folder → permissions.yml file.

If the file is not being created, check your console log for errors. You may have to re-download the PermissionsEx.jar file and replace the one in your plugins folder. (File corruption during download can lead to no permissions.yml file being generated.)

Also, as of recent builds of 2.x, the default is to store permissions in a H2 database, in which case you have to edit permissions using commands.

"... in a H2 database, in which case you have to edit permissions using commands."

You can't edit the database without using the PEX commands. (Documentation not fully evolved yet. See here for what's available.)