I installed the datapack and everything was working fine, all the crafting recipes and everything. When I crafted the quarry and placed it, it shows the red particle where it should be destroying blocks but it doesn't actually break or drop anything.

What version are you playing on? It will only work for 1.14
Try doing /forceload add 0 0
Try opening your console (when you launch the game)
Do you get any errors when loading the world / placing the quarry?
The quarry will not work in other dimensions, only the overworld.