Cant seem to find any guides or information on the new enchantment and how to raise arcana and quanta any help would be appreciated

Also the enchanted weapons dont feel like theyre doing the proper damage like sharper 8 and smite 8 arent one shotting zombies

You should read the curseforge page.

I figured out the arcana and quanta issue but still cant figure out the enchantments not having their full damage effect

Enchanting levels past default are supported by vanilla, so you may want to assess if something else is breaking it. It works fine for me.