There is a longstanding bug https://bugs.mojang.com/browse/MC-188578, that makes modifications to time (whether through sleeping in beds or any other way) and weather not work in custom dims, in these cases a workaround is modifying the overworld's time to get the desired effect.

https://github.com/baileyholl/Ars-Nouveau/blob/main/src/main/java/com/hollingsworth/arsnouveau/common/ritual/RitualSunrise.java#L19
You might instead of getting the entity's level, get the overworld in the case a custom dim is detected to fix sunrise, not sure a workaround exists for weather.