I've narrowed the problem mod down to Bewitchment Plus. The crash log shows an error with Bobby, but disabling Bobby then points to a problem with Sodium, and so on — just a rabbit hole. Disabling Bewitchment Plus alone allows the game to launch.

https://crashy.net/fucICb1ymhK2EQmsHHCk

e: better crash log: https://pastebin.com/vFu8xfd0

Update: Not Enough Crashes was obscuring the original issue. Here's a more informative crash log: https://pastebin.com/vFu8xfd0