With the setting dispensersPlayRecords enabled, it should allow you to both play and remove records from a jukebox using a dispenser. However, if you attempt to remove a record from a jukebox with a dispenser, the record will continue playing and it will not go back into the dispenser. After the record finishes playing, you still are unable to remove the record using a dispenser. Playing records using a dispenser still seems to work as normal, and you can still remove the records manually.

cannot reproduce bug, possibly a mod incompatibility based issue or smth

maybe you misunderstood how the feature works; i believe you should only be able to remove a disk from a jukebox with a dispenser if the dispenser also puts a disk in, i.e. you cannot face an empty dispenser into a jukebox and then power it to get the disk back

You need to put a stick in the dispenser and turn on dispensersToggleThings. This has the effect of a player right clicking the jukebox, so it will remove the disc.