So I'm asking for some kind of list because personally, I cannot remember what chisel:concrete_gray1@8 is or what it looks like.

Is there some sort of list/wiki for blocks and their variants?

I took a look as best I could do via the github website. In game I can see that chisel:concrete_gray1@8 is named "Bricks", but I'm using a texture pack right now, so I can't 100% confirm, but my guess is that it's bricks-solid

https://github.com/Chisel-Team/Chisel/blob/1.12/dev/src/main/resources/assets/chisel/textures/blocks/concrete_gray/bricks-solid.png

Blockstates are where textures are assigned to blocks
https://github.com/Chisel-Team/Chisel/blob/1.12/dev/src/main/resources/assets/chisel/blockstates/concrete_gray.json

But that is where the github website kind of gets in the way, I'm not sure how to do a text search on branches. Somewhere there will be a reference that associates "bricks-solid" with an in game name, maybe its "Bricks", or maybe not.