When a shaft or cog is encased with a steel casing it will block all rotational power from coming through. It has to be reset with a rotation from the unpowered side of the casing

Seconded, steel encased shafts and cogs don't seem to connect to non-steel-encased blocks.

1.18.2-v1.5a

also had this on 1.19.2 -v1.5a. The rotation has to be stopped and started to get it turning again