No eggs seem to spawn in the loot table after allowing it to spawn in chest in the config file. Is there something else I need to do or is it bugged out?

After playtesting this feature several times due to the large influx of players reporting this, I can confirm that they do spawn, they're just that rare. I feel that the eggs spawning in these chests are at a good rate for how rare of an item that they are. Keep looking, you'll find them!

However if you feel you still aren't satisfied, you can make a datapack changing these rates by using the default loot modifier here