{
	"type": "minecraft:block",
	"pools": [
		{
			"rolls": 1,
			"entries": [
				{
					"type": "minecraft:item",
					"name": "promenade:carbonite_column"
				}
			],
			"conditions": [
				{
					"condition": "minecraft:survives_explosion"
				}
			]
		}
	],
	"fabric:load_conditions": [
		{
			"condition": "fabric:all_mods_loaded",
			"values": [
				"columns"
			]
		}
	]
}

Error: Expected name to be an item, was unknown string 'promenade:carbonite_column'
It tries to load that table even if the columns mod is absent

Have you tried putting fabric:load_conditions at the top?
There's code in the resource conditions module that forces datagen to put it first, so that's evidently important.

The issue occurs no matter what the order is
Also, IMO the order of objects should never affect how a JSON is parsed