Once installed, water and cave systems can be seen on the surface. The game runs very terribly as well, with random bursts of lag. Below is the crash screen and log.

crash-2022-02-17_10.27.57-client.txt

you have a lot of other mods installed, in particular dynamic surroundings (which is known to cause issues with rendering, see #98).

the lag could be from quite a lot of places. the most likely causes are: your Java heap is too small, the max number of tile bakes per frame is too high (see fp2's performance options), GPU driver weirdness (you're using AMD, whose graphics drivers are notoriously shoddy), or some other mod interfering.

the crash is caused by some other mod (specifically: dynamic trees) doing something badly, but i can fix that in a bit.

This might not be that helpful but AMD drivers for OpenGL are way better on Linux, I get something like double the performance on my laptop

This might not be that helpful but AMD drivers for OpenGL are way better on Linux, I get something like double the performance on my laptop

Wait even with a Nvidia card?

no, they specifically said AMD drivers. as previously stated, the AMD OpenGL driver is notorious for being buggy and slow. Nvidia has the same drivers on windows and linux, so performance will be pretty much the same.