I noticed a user on Curseforge commented "Doesn't seem to play nice with Charm" who then didn't seem to go into further detail beyond stating that they'll try recreating the issue.
I encountered this issue and decided to recreate it with only Fabric API (0.40.1), Charm (3.3.2), and Lenient Stack Size (1.0.0) installed.
I attempted to launch the game through MultiMC with the Fabric loader (0.11.7) and Minecraft (1.17.1) failed to start.
The MultiMC Minecraft log outputted the following:

[19:56:19] [main/INFO]: SpongePowered MIXIN Subsystem Version=0.8.2 Source=file:/D:/mmc-stable-win32/MultiMC/libraries/net/fabricmc/sponge-mixin/0.9.4+mixin.0.8.2/sponge-mixin-0.9.4+mixin.0.8.2.jar Service=Knot/Fabric Env=CLIENT
[19:56:20] [main/INFO]: Compatibility level set to JAVA_16
[19:56:20] [main/INFO]: [MixinConfig] Not adding devenv.FixDevAuthSpamMixin
[19:56:20] [main/WARN]: @mixin target net/minecraft/class_3353$class_3354 is public in charm.mixins.json:accessor.MineshaftCorridorAccessor and should be specified in value
[19:56:20] [main/WARN]: @mixin target net/minecraft/class_2474$class_5124 is public in fabric-tag-extensions-v0.mixins.json:MixinObjectBuilder and should be specified in value
[19:56:22] [main/WARN]: Failed to add PDH Counter: \Paging File(_Total)% Usage, Error code: 0xC0000BB8
[19:56:22] [main/WARN]: Failed to add counter for PDH counter: \Paging File(_Total)% Usage
[19:56:22] [main/WARN]: Disabling further attempts to query Paging File.
[19:56:24] [main/WARN]: COM exception: Invalid Query: SELECT PERCENTUSAGE FROM Win32_PerfRawData_PerfOS_PagingFile
[19:56:26] [main/WARN]: @reDIrect conflict. Skipping charm.mixins.json:stackable_enchanted_books.FixAnvilBookStackMixin->@reDIrect::anvilUpdateHook(Lnet/minecraft/class_1263;ILnet/minecraft/class_1799;)V with priority 1000, already redirected by lenientstacksize.mixins.json:AnvilScreenHandlerMixin->@reDIrect::setDecrementSlot1StackCount(Lnet/minecraft/class_1263;ILnet/minecraft/class_1799;)V with priority 1000
Failed to start Minecraft:
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
at org.multimc.onesix.OneSixLauncher.launchWithMainClass(OneSixLauncher.java:210)
at org.multimc.onesix.OneSixLauncher.launch(OneSixLauncher.java:245)
at org.multimc.EntryPoint.listen(EntryPoint.java:143)
at org.multimc.EntryPoint.main(EntryPoint.java:34)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at net.fabricmc.loader.game.MinecraftGameProvider.launch(MinecraftGameProvider.java:236)
at net.fabricmc.loader.launch.knot.Knot.launch(Knot.java:153)
at net.fabricmc.loader.launch.knot.KnotClient.main(KnotClient.java:28)
... 8 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
at net.fabricmc.loader.game.MinecraftGameProvider.launch(MinecraftGameProvider.java:234)
... 10 more
Caused by: org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.throwables.MixinTransformerError: An unexpected critical error was encountered
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinProcessor.applyMixins(MixinProcessor.java:363)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinTransformer.transformClass(MixinTransformer.java:208)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinTransformer.transformClassBytes(MixinTransformer.java:178)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.FabricMixinTransformerProxy.transformClassBytes(FabricMixinTransformerProxy.java:23)
at net.fabricmc.loader.launch.knot.KnotClassDelegate.getPostMixinClassByteArray(KnotClassDelegate.java:162)
at net.fabricmc.loader.launch.knot.KnotClassLoader.loadClass(KnotClassLoader.java:154)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520)
at net.minecraft.class_2246.(class_2246.java:443)
at net.minecraft.class_3523.(class_3523.java:13)
at net.minecraft.class_5471.(class_5471.java:11)
at net.minecraft.class_5458.method_30573(class_5458.java:44)
at net.minecraft.class_5458.method_30566(class_5458.java:75)
at java.base/java.util.LinkedHashMap.forEach(LinkedHashMap.java:721)
at net.minecraft.class_5458.(class_5458.java:74)
at net.minecraft.class_2378.(class_2378.java:266)
at net.minecraft.class_2966.method_12851(class_2966.java:44)
at net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(Main.java:139)
... 15 more
Caused by: org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.injection.throwables.InjectionError: Critical injection failure: Redirector anvilUpdateHook(Lnet/minecraft/class_1263;ILnet/minecraft/class_1799;)V in charm.mixins.json:stackable_enchanted_books.FixAnvilBookStackMixin failed injection check, (0/1) succeeded. Scanned 1 target(s). Using refmap charm-fabric-1.17-refmap.json
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.injection.struct.InjectionInfo.postInject(InjectionInfo.java:408)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinTargetContext.applyInjections(MixinTargetContext.java:1291)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinApplicatorStandard.applyInjections(MixinApplicatorStandard.java:1042)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinApplicatorStandard.applyMixin(MixinApplicatorStandard.java:395)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinApplicatorStandard.apply(MixinApplicatorStandard.java:320)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.TargetClassContext.applyMixins(TargetClassContext.java:345)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinProcessor.applyMixins(MixinProcessor.java:569)
at org.spongepowered.asm.mixin.transformer.MixinProcessor.applyMixins(MixinProcessor.java:351)
... 31 more
Exiting with -1
Process exited with code -1.

Update: I was able to launch the game by going into the Charm config (charm.toml) and setting "StackableEnchantedBooks Enabled" to false.
Charm also changes the stack size of stews and potions but the game can be launched without setting them to false in the config.