I am writing the because LLmDl (towny dev) does not seem to want to contact you.

I am running towny 0.92.0.0 with LuckPerms 4.1.63. Players are randomly losing their towny permissions such as ability to speak in general chat, not getting their permissions when they login, and even if a town name/town mayor changes, the mayor loses access to commands.

Most of the time, a relog works, but sometimes I have to manually go in and reset settings for the mayors.

After speaking at length with LlmDl about it, he seems to think the issue with towny and luckperms not working correctly together started with this commit:
a2801bf

Unfortunately, I cannot find a pre-November build of luckperms to test this out and see if everything works correctly before the commit.

With very few exceptions, all of the towny perms are stored in the townyperms.yml file:
https://pastebin.com/HbB8qmD8

the only perms not stored in that file are the mod and admin perms, which I keep in seperate groups that I then add to the apropriate staff groups.

The commit you linked fixed an issue which meant some plugins didn't work at all with LuckPerms. It only added things - and didn't make any change to existing behaviour. There's therefore no way an issue would have been introduced with that commit.

The permissions players are losing -- are they being defined within LuckPerms groups, or via towny?

I'd suggest setting them directly via LP as opposed to in the Towny system - as it seems to be problematic.

So if I add the towny permissions in, do I need to create groups for each of those and hope towny reads those groups?

Ok, so towny reads the towny perms, and LlmDl says to leave them in the towny perms file. So how would towny be able to read the perms in luckperms without assigning them directly to the player. For example, towny reads the database to see the towny rank of the player. If they are a towny mayor, it gives them those permissions. If they don't have a town, they get the nomad permissions, etc....

So I just spoke with the towny dev. Basically, I could add all the base perms to everyone, but towny won't read rank perms. So towny wouldn't read say a mayor group.
I'm not sure where to go from here.

I'm not sure how this relates to LP.
If the permissions are defined in a separate system, how is LP involved in the process?

The only other thing I'll say is there's been a number of issues with LP & towny in the past, and all of them have been due to incorrect configuration within towny - not bugs in either plugin. That of course doesn't mean this issue is definitely the same -- it's just a trend I've noticed.

Beyond that, there's not really anything I can do to help without more information. If you think this really is a bug within LP, then I need some sort of indication where the issue lies and how it can be reproduced. I unfortunately don't have the time to spend hours messing with Towny on the off-chance that I run into the same issue as you. :)

I hope that makes sense. (it's getting late for me, excuse my (quite possibly) terrible explanation)

So I spoke with someone on the discord ad nauseum regarding how my perms were setup. He steered me in the right direction and it turns out I had my groups setup all wrong.

That has been fixed now and everything appears to be working correctly.

Ok, great :)