I have been trying to get the Steam Turbines to work with EnderIO, Buildcraft and a few other type of power cables to collect the energy output but the only ones that work are the IC2 cables which don't seem to work with anything but IC2 devices and machines. The Steam Engines however work fine with all power cables I have tried.

That's obviously intended. The steam engines outputs kinetic Buildcraft power, the steam turbine output electrical IC2 power.

Well its not obvious to me. I don't understand why you can't use other mods with it like Universal Electricity. None of the machines I use seem to like the IC2 power cables so what other option is there if I want to use the turbine?

None. The turbine is for IC2 power. Period. You can use it with anything that supports that.

You can use the steam engines for anything that supports Buildcraft power.