The experienced modifier is supposed to increase xp dropped by mobs on swords/cleavers; the modifier doesn't work at any level, regardless of whether exp bottles are used or electrum parts are used.
Tested this by making a cleaver in creative and resetting my xp every time I kill a creeper

Testing the experienced modifier on pickaxes now too, actually it works exactly as it should on pickaxes with ores. I reset my xp each time and mined 36 diamond ore blocks, without experienced would land on 10 ish levels and with experienced 2, 20 levels.

hello yes i have the same erros in 2.0.5b
the lapis modifier dont have effect the same for the redstone modifier

even if the modifications to be made are still in the item tags

For now these are the only two that I've tried but I don't think either one really works.

in addition I noticed that the silky jewel craft does not work

Could you try this with just Hephaestus 1.18.2 in a clean instance, i.e. without the rest of Astral? I feel like this is just caused by the Hephaestus mod (TinkersConstruct Fabric port) being wonky and often not fully working, in which case we sadly can't do that much.