If I'm in a city and ask (f.e.) for my teacher, so he shows up on the tine map in the corner, but not on the map or minimap. Same with herbs and other targets...

Normal behavior. Use build in Guides in Carbonite to find way to trainers and other things.

Mining and Herbalism nodes see here #59.

How can I use the "built in guides" for trainers?

I allready imported the mining and herbalism nodes. I see them on the minimap, but the populated spots (where is something to take) only on the tiny map in the left corner of the minimap. How can I see these spots on the minimap too???

Guides:

Nodes are showed on main Carb map. Ff map is corectly zoomed, minimap will hide and those dots from minimap will show on Carb map:

Nodes are showed on main Carb map. Ff map is corectly zoomed, minimap will hide and those dots from minimap will show on Carb map:

I still don't see any nodes on minimap or map, only on the tiny map in the left upper corner of the minimap. What could be the reason for that?