forge 47.4.0
newest version for 1.20.1 forge

The game crashes with a "ConcurrentModificationException" when chunks are loaded. This seems to be related to entity rendering and the "LevelChunk" update process, not sure though.

latest.log

You have a lot of mods in there, and EntityCulling does no modifications on the chunk map/entity list (and reads it only sync), so I doubt that this is EntityCulling (Especially since there are no other reports of this).

then its most likely an incompatible mod, since removing it fixes the issue, but anyways fair enough.

There is a known other issue #225, but that looks different and happens in combination with Sodium only.

I use sodium so its most likely that

Well, it's Embeddium, which is an unofficial and afaik outdated Sodium port. If this was a general issue between Sodium and EntityCulling, I would have a ton of reports of it. There is not much I can really do, I think, unless someone finds a way to get this issue reproducibly, or it becomes a common enough occurrence to do some tests. But right now it looks like less than 1/100.000 players have this issue, so not sure what to do (you have a ton of mods in there, possible it's not even entity culling).