Can be simply reproduced by logging the game in nether and seeing overworld.
The client side lighting level is correct. Seem to be a chunk rebuilding issue.
Does not occur with sodium.
After turning off smooth lighting, the issue becomes invisible.
Does not occur when sending chunk packets to client slowly.
If does not see overworld when logging in nether and wait for the chunks to load, this issue does not occur.

Can be fixed by turning off early light update.